Importance of Process Recording in Nursing Case Study

Significance of Process Recording in Nursing - Case Study Example The pieces of the discussion that went well were in the remedial acts of quiet, explanation, and reflection. She was permitted to be in charge so she could coordinate the discussion, the quiet taking into consideration her to develop her musings about her sentiments of outrage and lament. As an audience, it was critical to reflect back to her what she was stating, helping her to explain her musings and rewording when essential so as to completely investigate the point and permit her space to talk about her emotions. In rehashing what she said back to her, it permitted her to hear her own words and to help discover understandings about what she was attempting to pass on during the meeting. Rewording is input that will permit the patient to realize that the audience is hearing what is being stated, just as recognizing the convictions and sentiments of the patient (Basavanthappa, 2004). The pieces of the discussion that went well were in the restorative acts of quiet, explanation, and reflection. She was permitted to be in charge so she could coordinate the discussion, the quiet taking into consideration her to develop her contemplations about her sentiments of outrage and lament. As an audience, it was critical to reflect back to her what she was stating, helping her to explain her contemplations and summarizing when essential so as to completely investigate the subject and permit her space to examine her sentiments. In rehashing what she said back to her, it permitted her to hear her own words and to help discover understandings about what she was attempting to pass on during the meeting. Summarizing is criticism that will permit the patient to realize that the audience is hearing what is being stated, just as recognizing the convictions and sentiments of the patient (Basavanthappa, 2004).â A serious mix-up toward the finish of the meeting was in offering my input on what she could consider when thinking about the past. Offering an input, as indicated by Bas avanthappa (2004), is one manner by which to interfere with the work that a patient is doing about a point. Sentiments are not a decent method to work with individuals when in a helpful meeting. Also, I found that my own emotions about the subject were hindering my listening abilities. I don't have a clue why parts of her discussion drove me feel irritated and practically mad, however what she said was influencing my own emotions. I didn't locate her irritating, or her theme to be irritating, yet for reasons unknown, I felt irritated about something she was stating. It might be that I was mirroring her sentiments through my own, embracing what she was feeling into my own feelings. I was disappointed for her and felt her sorrow at not achieving what she wants to accomplish.â At one point I felt prevalent during the discussion as though I comprehended her totally and could keep her on point. This was a misstep as I progressed in the direction of getting to the foundation of the issu e. I drove her, to a degree, and this isn't generally the best approach to offer remedial help. It is conceivable that when I embedded instructing about existence into the discussion, I took an excessive amount of control. As I ponder the discussion, it appears when I said what she may have been irate about; her capacity to convey about it was slowed down. I may have set up a correspondence hindrance, preventing her from having the option to communicate her own sentiments and during the time spent attempting to center the discussion, it might have been hindered from my making assumptions.â This discussion was a fascinating involvement in regards to attempting to keep an engaged discussion while keeping up objectivity about the experience. In considering my own practices, unmistakably I embedded my very own lot convictions into the point. At the time it appeared that the discussion was customer coordinated, however it may be that I coordinated a lot of the bearing of the discussion . In thinking back on how the meeting was directed, it may be said that I was not centered around the patient, however on my own ability to comprehend the thoughts she was introducing. I find that the way toward chipping away at this sort of interchanges is vital as I see that it isn't as simple to achieve as it would appear.â

20 Facts About the Chemical Element Silver

Occupational Stress in Law Enforcement Intervention Strategies free essay sample

The control of a cop is generally alluded to as one of the most distressing occupations. Reasons for worry for cops can be connected to the hierarchical structure and the requests of the calling to incorporate move work, additional time, and long stretches of administration. The inflexible idea of the association has been alluded to as one of the essential wellsprings of worry for law implementation. Notwithstanding the pressure of the authoritative structure, police experience the danger of brutal crooks and upsetting wrongdoing scenes as a piece of routine every day prospects. Potential reasons for worry for remedial staff are like the pressure that cops persevere. Stress is gotten from inside and outside sources to incorporate, jail/prison authoritative structure, nature of work-management of the prisoner populace, additional time, move work, time allotment at work, security/wellbeing concerns, dangers of detainee savagery/genuine detainee viciousness, prisoner requests/controls, colleagues, explicit post or assignments, poor open picture, and low compensation. We will compose a custom paper test on Word related Stress in Law Enforcement Intervention Strategies or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Prison guards and cops had the most noteworthy paces of non-deadly vicious episodes at work between 1990-1995 (Finn, p. , 2001). Research with respect to reasons for worry for law requirement was conflicting when endeavoring to decide the most noteworthy paces of pressure. Territories of worry for both restorative and cops that experience business related pressure range from business related impacts to the consequences for the workers individual life. Officials can endure physical sicknesses because of business related pressure that incorporate coronary illness, hypertension, and dietary issues, and so forth. Studies have indicated that incapacity of officials has been connected to pressure related causes. Extra regions of concern are staff burnout, individual and family connections that incorporate the relocation of dissatisfaction onto family/companions and poor work execution which at last trade offs institutional security and makes worry for associates. One of the most huge reasons for worry in law requirement is basic occurrences and the effect of basic episode worry in law authorization. A basic occurrence can be characterized as â€Å"any circumstance in which an officer’s desires for individual dependability out of nowhere become tempered by defect and unrefined reality† (Kureczka, 1996). Basic Incidents in law implementation are approximately characterized in light of the fact that the idea of the episodes can influence officials in an unexpected way. Instances of basic episodes in law implementation incorporate line of obligation passing, genuine injury of a collaborator, official included shooting, horrible demise of a kid, prisoner and uproar circumstances. Basic Incident Stress can prompt Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Four to 10% of people who experience a basic occurrence will create PTSD. Research shows that 87% of all crisis laborers experience the impacts of basic occurrence stress (Kureczka,1996). Stressors can be duplicated by aggravating occasions (I. e. demise of a suspect and injury to the official). The impacts of a basic episode influence the official genuinely, sincerely and psychologically. Physical effects (impacts) can go from cerebral pains, muscle hurts, rest aggravation, diminished sexual action, diminished craving, and ineptitude. Enthusiastic influences incorporate nervousness, dread, blame, pity, outrage, crabbiness, withdrawal and a feeling of feeling lost. Psychological influences incorporate flashbacks, rehashed dreams of the occurrence, bad dreams, eased back deduction, trouble in dynamic, confusion, memory slip by, and the come up short on the capacity to think. Mediation procedures incorporate an assortment of alternatives that have been executed in law implementation in the course of recent years. Some mediation programs are explicit to the ordinary stressors of the calling while others are increasingly focused to zones including basic occurrences. The turn of events and foundation of stress projects or Employee Assistance Programs are sorts of mediation programs accessible. Projects fluctuate by office and in levels of apparent achievement. Conceivable program parts incorporate prepared remedial staff helping other restorative staff that have encountered a basic occurrence at work, execution of a directing group, usage of a pressure unit, basic episode questioning, expanded correspondence with representatives, health programs, staff contribution in approach making and preparing instruction programs. The advantages of the execution of projects to assist representatives with managing pressure incorporate, decrease of extra time costs brought about because of debilitated time use, decrease in staff turnover rates, upgraded staff spirit combined with improved occupation execution, expanded institutional and official wellbeing, improved relations with the association, staff feeling that administration/heads esteem them as people. The job of the organization in offering help to officers’ both pre and post basic occurrences has a huge The administration’s job in combatting basic episode stress is commonly advantageous to the representative and the office. The office sway is on the authoritative structure (I. e. different officials, the office, general society, and families) all in all just as budgetary effect that influences all regions (maintenance, preparing, and so forth ). When contrasted with the expense of mediation, it is monetarily increasingly useful to the association to burn through cash on intercession which thus additionally benefits the whole authoritative structure. . Mediation methodologies explicit to basic occurrences incorporate advising for representatives with advocates that have an exhaustive understanding f the sort of work of law implementation, just as the accessibility of companion bolster officials that are extraordinarily prepared to perceive issues and make referrals. The accessibility of pre-episode stress instruction and stress the executives preparing for newcomers and prepared workers all through business permits representatives who experience basic occurrence worry to perceive the signs and look for h elp. Extra directions for families additionally accommodates data on worry in law authorization to be conveyed to get ready families for what's in store if an occurrence happens. References Finn, P. (2001). Tending to Correctional Officer Stress: Programs and Strategies. Criminal Justice Media, Inc. Recovered from http://search. proquest. com/socialsciences/docview/214386062/fulltext/136F9663B05382C356E/3? accountid=36616 on May 28, 2012 Kureczka, A. (1996). Basic Incident Stress in Law Enforcement, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. Recovered from http://search. proquest. com/socialsciences/docview/204132441/fulltextPDF/136F9D8BC523F17E9DF/2? accountid=36616 on May 28, 2012 Feemster, S. 2010). The Forensic Examiner. Tending to the Urgent Need for Multi-Dimensional Training in Law Enforcement Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/SocialSciences/docview/859010103/fulltextPDF/136FB22E6C16A280637/4? accountid= 36616 on May 28, 2012 To Quit or not to Quit: Perceptions of Participation in Correctional Decision Making and the Impact of Organizational Stress Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/sociologies/docview/214563577/136FB3A66E950711643/2? accountid=3 6616 on May 28, 2012 Jaramillo, F. , Nixon, R. Sams, D. (2004). The Effect of Law Enforcement Stress on Organizational Commitment. Recovered from http://search. proquest. com/socialsciences/docview/211301458/fulltextPDF/136FB495CC464AAE192/14? accountid=36616 on May 28, 2012 McCarty, W. , Zhao, J. Wreath, B. , (2007). Word related Stress and Burnout among Male and Female Police Officers Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/socialsciences/docview/211277163/fulltextPDF/136FBFDCC4976A43D80/1? accountid=36616 on May

Assess the role of ella baker in the civil rights movement The WritePass Journal

Evaluate the job of ella dough puncher in the social liberties development Presentation Evaluate the job of ella dough puncher in the social liberties development IntroductionBibliographyRelated Presentation Men and their notorieties are notable all through the social equality development. McNair-Barnett directed an examination with interviewees from her exploration in to the development and asked them who they viewed as the main ten significant individual pioneers in the development. 81 people were names, 27.2 percent were ladies contrasted with 72.8 percent of men (McNair Barnett, 1993). Unmistakably men were likewise increasingly centered around regarding the press and individuals in the development. There are a wide range of reasons that might represent this. The women’s freedom development didn't start in American until the late 1960’s; along these lines it was difficult for ladies to have a job in the social liberties development as a built up pioneer. Likewise, at the hour of the development, men would have needed to lead because of sex bias’ at the ideal opportunity for he development to have gained ground and start to produce change. As a result of time, men were at he bleeding edge while ladies were a greater amount of than not off camera. Regularly, men would in general front associations, for example, The Congress of Racial Equality and the Nation Association for The Advancement of Colored People. Men in these jobs frequently controlled gatherings and settled on choices over approaches and development techniques. Ladies be that as it may, were not in such prominent jobs and would in general remain in the background as found by Sacks study (Barnett, 1997). Ladies ordinarily sorted out occasions, and worked in administrative and secretarial jobs all together for the development associations to run as easily as could be expected under the circumstances. Therefore, ladies have regularly not been given the acknowledgment that they merit. Ella Baker specifically has not been perceived for her eager endeavors all through the social liberties development. She has been depicted as â€Å"a to a great extent unrecognized yet truly great individual of the Civil Rights Freedom Movement who motivated and guided rising leaders† (ellabakercenter.org). Bread cook additionally procured the moniker ‘Fundi’ from her time as a dissident. ‘Fundi’ is a Swahili word meaning an individual who shows a specialty to the people to come (REF), giving a slight sign with respect to how significant her job in the social liberties development was. Ella Josephine dough puncher was conceived on December thirteenth 1903, in Raleigh, North Carolina. She grew up tuning in to her grandmother’s encounters experiencing childhood with slave manors. Ella Baker went to Shaw University, Raleigh, North Carolina and normally tested college strategies that she thought were unjustifiable, she graduated as class valedictorian in 1927. In the wake of graduating, Baker worked in publication jobs, especially for the American West Indian News from 1928-1930 and the Negro National News in 1932. Cook had gotten to know George Schulyer, who established the Young Negroes Cooperative League along with Baker in 1931, and turned into its national chief (Mueller in Crawford, 1993). This prompted her work with New Deals Works Progress Association uniting individuals through aggregate purchasing. It was during her time with New Deals Works Progress that Baker was presented to more up to date radical thoughts encompassing social change. (Ella cook quo te in Mueller in Crawford about time in NY) In 1938 Baker joined the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and focused on the significance of youngsters and ladies in the association. In any case, it has been recommended that Baker was against the NAACP’s conventional technique of speaking to the expert positions in the public eye to lead the majority (Elliot, 1996). Elliot accepts that Ella Bakers theory was â€Å"power to the people† (Elliot, 1996). Cook accepted that individuals needed to help themselves so as to find answers for their issues, she accepted that â€Å"oppressed individuals, whatever their degree of formal instruction can comprehend and decipher their general surroundings, to recognize the truth about the world, and move to change it† (www.ellabakercenter.org). by 1941, Baker had become an associate field secretary of the NAACP. While with the NAACP, bread cook assisted with arranging voter enrollment drives, and effectively crusaded for school integration and was aga inst police severity issues. In the late 1940’s Baker had become a field secretary for the New York Branch of the NAACP and had become â€Å"the NAACP’s best organiser† (www.blackpast.org). Ella Baker in a meeting with Gerda Lerner, a student of history, depicted her job in the NAACP; â€Å"you would manage whatever the neighborhood issue was and based on the requirements of the individuals you would attempt to arrange them in the NAACP† (Lerner, 1972, p.347). Dough puncher functioned admirably in the NAACP, thus her notoriety. She accepted that â€Å"you connections to individuals was a higher priority than your relationship to the measure of cash you made† (Cantarow and Omally, p.60). It was maybe this conviction that made her such a focal coordinator inside the NAACP, as she had a rational perspective on the world and fairness, and therefore, had the option to work with all individuals from various different backgrounds when going through the south as a field secretary for the NAACP. Dough puncher left her job as field secretary in 1946 to think about her niece in New York however stayed a volunteer, she turned into its leader in 1952 yet surrendered in 1953 to run for the New York City Council, yet it was fruitless (Ransby, 2003, p.14). In 1955, Ella Baker, alongside Bayard Rustin and Stanley Levison helped to establish the association ‘In Friendship’ to fund-raise to battle against Jim Crow laws in the south (Payne, 1989). Be that as it may, it was not until 1957 when she got associated with another noticeable association in the development. Bread cook moved to Atlanta, to help arrange the Southern Christian Leadership Conference with Martin Luther King. Pastry specialist was the partner chief of the SCLC (Elliot, 1996) and was engaged with the everyday running of the association and the workplace. Ella Baker later turned into the SCLC’s Acting Executive Director. The Civil Rights Movement was a to a great extent church based development and thus, Baker was never viewed as a genuine pioneer, as she had not plummeted from pastorate or church chain of command; she was Acting Executive Director until a reasonable pioneer was found. Mueller recommends, â€Å"her strategy proposals for more prominen t accentuation on nearby arranging and the consideration of Women and youth were to a great extent ignored† (Mueller in Crawford, 1993, p.62). Ella Baker knew about this segregation in the SCLC however when she was inquired as to why she chose to leave the SCLC she answered; â€Å"in the primary spot, I had known, number one that there could never be any job for me in an initiative limit with the SCLC. Why? First I’m a lady. Additionally, I’m not a minister† (Robnett, 1996). Female status in the development was increased through demonstrations of boldness and places of intensity were through network work or uncommon activism, not through chapel chain of command, the manner in which men picked up authority was usually through chapel order as far as the ministry. There is a lot of proof to propose that ladies weren’t mindful of their situations as optional to the jobs of men. Victoria Gray reviews â€Å"there are simply not many spots where truly the dark male could have any power, maybe. That isn't a mishap, I guarantee you. Where that was conceivable the network bolstered that† (Robnett, 1997, p.41). Dim recommends that ladies bolstered men in places of intensity, in spite of that frequently implying that ladies would come optional to them. Bernice Johnson Reagon claims â€Å"as an engaged individual I never experienced being held back† (Robnett, 1997, p.37). While these ladies have all the earmarks of being unconscious of the sexual orientation predisposition at that point, there were ladies at the center of attention who knew about the requirements of both race and sex. Dorothy Height, a notable lady in the development, said the primary drawback to being a female head among men, was that it was â€Å"sometimes diffic ult for them to understand the significance of women’s rights†(www.onlinenewshour.com) Martin Luther King Jr recognized â€Å"women, while equipped for authority, didn't and ought not practice this capacity by choice† (Robnett, 1996). It was hard for ladies to hold places of intensity during the development, as women’s freedom had not yet started. In any case, Dorothy Cotton a lobbyist in the development reviews; â€Å"Men were modified to be haughty, yet we permitted it as well, ladies conceded to their husbands† (Robnett, 1997, p.43), demonstrating that a detachment of male and female jobs in the development was a result of the time. The post-war period proceeded with the general population and private circle belief system; people had their different jobs in isolated parts of life. Realize that men had wound up in a place of intensity after so long of having no entrance to any type of intensity and along these lines the opportunity to lead was an open door that was too acceptable to even consider turning down. Clyde Franklin accepts a purpose beh ind this is â€Å"in America, dark guys have just been ‘men’ for around twenty years† (Ling, YR. p.6). After the Greensboro Sit-Ins in 1960, where dark citizenry sat in isolated white regions in Woolworth stores across America, two months in to the demonstrations, they had spread to 54 urban areas in 9 states (www.sitins.org). By July 1960, Woolworth stores had consented to incorporate the lunch counter at the Greensboro store. It was after this that Baker acknowledged individuals were resolved to roll out an improvement, and assembled 300 understudies for the South wide Student Leadership Conference on Non-brutal Resistance to Segregation, which later changed it’s na

Police and Abuse :: essays research papers

POLICE AND ABUSE When talking about police endeavors and adolescent misconduct one can just envision the trouble officials experience while playing out their essential obligation which is to ensure people in general. Be that as it may, by what means can or does one (official) proficiently ensure the network while protecting the privileges of the adolescent lawbreakers also. We as an open have become increasingly more mindful ordinarily of how hard it is for the police to work viably, however now we are confronted with a bigger difficulty. The adolescent equity framework was authorized to help adolescents who perpetrate wrongdoings gain from their missteps or activities and to improve them residents for our networks. The problem we face is having a criminal equity framework that needs lawbreakers to pay for their activities and an adolescent equity framework that needs to enable the individuals who to perpetrate wrongdoings. What's more, who do we have in these two amazing systems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ the police. The idea of legitimate policing has changed throughout the years and has joined the help of concerned residents. We are leaving the wrongdoing battling to the networks for policing. No we’re not nominating networks, however we are including those concerned residents who see the ruin of not being included any longer. We are no longer wrongdoing contenders, yet we keep up request and order. We are not really here just to stop a furnished bank theft in progress, yet we are increasingly noticeable in the network though this goes about as an obstacle to perpetrate most wrongdoings in networks. What's more, we let the individuals from the network realize we are open consistently to be the hindrance or obvious at whatever point they should require us. POLICE AND ABUSE Since officials can't treat adolescents in a similar way as grown-ups the possibility of network policing is the best apparatus considered. Envision a network who is engaged with each child’s life that when this specific youngster gets into mischief in any capacity individuals from the network are the specialists on call and handle this circumstance without police association. Dream on I know, yet when we are talking about adolescents and cops I regularly accept we are past the point of no return in restoring a kid. Let’s take a gander at a straightforward measurement of adolescent captures in our country: 1. 500 adolescents are captured. 2. Of them 320 are alluded to adolescent court. 3. 140 are casually dealt with and discharged. 4. 25 alluded to criminal court. 5. 10 are alluded to government assistance. 6. 5 are alluded to other police division offices.

Some Tips For Writing Your Internship Reflection Paper

Some Tips For Writing Your Internship Reflection PaperDuring your internship you will be writing a reflective paper, often called an internship reflection paper. You must begin by preparing your own reflection paper. There are several good ways to begin your reflection. If you would like to start writing an internship reflection paper right away, here are some of the tips that will help you begin.Prepare the background material first. You need to research some important information for your paper. Write down names and positions of people who may help you. Study this information in detail so that you know everything about them. This information is used later to give examples in your essay.Also, ask for a sample assignment to read. It's a good idea to have a sample assignment with you while you work on writing your essay. Take a look at it and see if it will help you complete your project. Don't forget to correct any mistakes that you find in your own sample assignment.Set aside time f or your work. Keep a schedule for yourself. Sometimes we don't take time for ourselves. You have to set aside time to do your writing and this way you will get a break from your own work and your studying.You need to include a particular topic in your reflection paper. Just make sure that it is something that you want to write about. It is not necessary that it should be about a person. The idea behind the paper is to write about a specific problem in which you are having in your life. The problem is important because it is the foundation of your paper.Select a topic for your reflective paper. It is not necessary that you choose the topic randomly. If you want to write about a certain situation, then do so. However, you don't have to write about every topic in the world. You may want to try out a few topics until you choose one.When you have chosen a topic for your reflection paper, it is time to draft your essay. Drafting your essay is not just about going over your writing ideas. You also need to think of the details. You may need to rewrite certain parts of your essay.There is no one 'do-it-yourself approach' for writing an internship reflection paper. It takes time and effort to prepare your paper. Use all the tips that I mentioned above and get ready to write your very own reflection paper. It can be a very rewarding experience to write your own paper.

National identity and cultural objects - 275 Words

The Relationship between National Identity and Cultural Objects (Annotated Bibliography Sample) Content: The Relationship between National Identity and Cultural ObjectsAnnotated BibliographyAuthor's nameCourseInstructorDateThe Relationship between National Identity and Cultural ObjectsRESEARCH TOPIC: The relationship between national identity and cultural objects (For example the Paris Eiffel Tower, the sculpture of Christ towering over Rio de Janeiro Sydney Harbour Bridge, etc).Category: Primary source- bookBACA, M. (2006) Cataloging Cultural Objects: A Guide to Describing Cultural Works and Their Images. New York, NY: American Library Association. 1. This book defines cultural objects and discusses in detail the importance of preserving cultural work and images.2. Cultural objects include intellectual architectural works and all artistic creations made by humans.3. Cultural objects have an aesthetic value and usually serve a practical purpose in the society.4. There are many forms of cultural objects including sculptures, artefacts, paintings, drawings, buildings, and other forms of visual art.5. Cultural objects construct the identity of the people and should be catalogued and stored in repositories such as libraries. This source is very useful in exploring the relationship between cultural objects because itpresents a good definition of cultural objects and the different forms. Category: Primary source- bookBARKAN, E., BUSH, R. (2002) Claiming the Stones/ Naming the Bones: Cultural Property and the Negotiation of National and Ethnic Identity. New York, NY: Getty Publications. 1. This aptly titled book explores the interplay between national identity and cultural property.2. The author conceptualizes cultural objects and products such as art, literature, music, and monuments as cultural property .3. The author argues that cultural property, including tangible and intangible cultural objects, creates a profound sense of identity and belonging.4. The book contains fifteen essays that explore different ethnographical, anthropological, ethnobiol ogical, historical and cultural arguments on how cultural objects consolidate identity and nationalism.5. The book explores how cultural property influences group identity today and in the future. This book is a valuable source of scholarly arguments on how cultural objects (communal orcultural property) construct group and national identity of the people. Category: Primary source- News website pageBOWATER, D., MULVEY, S., MISRA, T. (2010) Arms Wide Open: Brazil's Statue of Christ. BBC News, 2014. Retrieved from: /news/special/2014/newsspec_7141/index.html 1. This is an excellent BBC news article about the Statue of Christ the Redeemer  that is the iconic landmark of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.2. The authors present a detailed discussion on what the statue is its history, its intended purpose and how it serves as a symbol for the nation.3. The statue of Christ the Redeemer in Brazil is a symbol of the nation. This is best exemplified by the fact that when the statue was hit by lig htning, the government reacted quickly to repair it before the June 2014 FIFA World Cup, which will be hosted in the country. This source presents a valuable example of how cultural objects construct a nation'sidentity. Category: Primary- Journal ArticleCARSON, S. J. (2009) Spun from Four Horizons: Re-Writing the Sydney Harbor Bridge. Journal of Australian Studies, 33(4), 417-430. 1. This journal article reviews the extensive literature on the role of the Sydney Harbour Bridge as a landmark and symbol of Australia.2. The author explains that the Sydney Harbour Bridge is not only a symbol of the nation but consolidates the identity of the Australian writers, poets, novelists and historians.3. The iconic bridge is shown to be an instrument of symbolism that writers have historically used to reinforce Sydney's political and cultural identity. This article is useful in the discussion of the relationship between national identity and culturalobjects because it presents the example of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, an iconic symbol of Sydney and Australia. Category: Primary source- Journal articleCHOUDHURY, B. I., ARMSTRONG, P. (2010) Monument and Architecture in Shaping Bangladeshi National Identity. GBER, 8(3), 45-67. 1. Through an extensive literature review, the authors of this article define national identity and evaluate how it is influenced by art, architecture and monuments in the context of Bangladesh.2. The authors explain that the national identity can be defined from five dimensions: political, cultural, historic, territorial and psychological.3. Cultural objects such as monuments shape national identity in all the dimensions and act as objects of symbolic expression of the nation's identity. This article is very useful in developing an operational definition of national identity' beforediscussing how that identity is shaped by cultural objects. Category: Primary source- bookEDENSOR, T. (2002) National Identity, Popular Culture and Everyday Life. New York, NY: Berg- Oxford International Publishers Ltd. 1. This book examines the interplay of culture and national identity in daily life.2. The author explains that the national identity is created by the people's culture, spatial demarcations and iconic features in the nation.3. The book explains in detail how objects of cultural, spiritual, historical and moral geography objects create uniqueness in a country.4. The author outlines major cultural objects that influence national identity including America's Statue of Liberty, the Egyptian pyramids, the Empire State Building, India's Taj Mahal, the Eiffel Tower in Paris and many more. This book is very valuable source in proving that iconic geographical sites and objects signify national identity. Category: Primary source- journal articleJOHNSON, N. (1995) Cast in Stone: Monuments, Geography and Nationalism. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 13. 1. As the title suggests, this journal article explores how monuments and geograp hy contribute in shaping nationalism and national identity.2. The author argues that monuments and other cultural objects are points of ideological and physical orientation around which memory is organized.3. The article explains that through memory creation, monuments and other cultural objects play a great role in constructing national identity.4. The author conceptualizes cultural objects as an important part of national geography that identifies the place. This article is very important in discussing how cultural objects such as monuments and other works of art contribute to create a geographical uniqueness that defines national identity. Category: Primary source- bookKAPLAN, F. (1994). Museums and the Making of "ourselves": The Role of Objects in National Identity. Leicester: Leicester University Press. 1. This book is extensively cited in the literature about culture and national identity.2. The book presents fourteen case studies about how culture shapes national identity.3. In this book, the author explains that cultural collections and exhibitions usually founding museums are a preservation of culture and shape national identity.4. The author also chronicles how cultural objects in different countries have shaped their identities.5. The author uses the example of how the Bible's Old testament has shaped the identity of Israel. This book is a very valuable source of information on how cultural objects and museums shape national identity. Category: Primary source- journal articleKARP, I. (1988) Culture and Representation. In M. T. Craftsmen, MICHAEL MEISTER (pp. 1-10). Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania. 1. This article explains how identity is constructed through representation of culture.2. The author explains that art exhibition in museums and through cultural art objects that cannot be housed in museums creates identity.3. The author of the article, which is more than two decades old, explains that national identity is created through arrangem ent ad design of cultural objects.4. The article explains that national identity resonates through interpretation of cultural designs and art. This article presents great insight into how cultural practices and products such as art influence national identity. Category: Secondary source- journal articleMACDONALD, S. J. (2003) Museums, National, Postnational and Transcultural Identities. Museum and Society, 1(1), 1-16. 1. This article contends that cultural identity is preserved through art and other products from a particular culture.2. The author envisions a museum as a repository of cultural, national and transcultural identities.3. Art and cultural heritage stored in museums are shown to be a key indicator of whether identity of a nation is homogenous or bounded. This journal article explains how cultural heritage in museum collections influences national identity. The article can be used to develop the argument that if cultural objects in museums shape national identity, so shou ld monuments and other cultural objects, not in museums. Category: Primary source- bookOSBORNE, B. S. (2001) Landscapes, Memory, Monuments, and Commemoration: Putting Identity in Its Place. Halifax, Nova Scotia: Department of Canadian Heritage for the Ethnocultural, Racial, Religious, and Linguistic Diversity and Identity Seminar. 1 Using the Canadian context, Osborne explains that national identity is invented through history, geography, class and ethnicity that characterize...